Abstract:Turbocharger ndiyo inonyanya kukosha uye imwe yenzira dzinoshanda dzekuvandudza simba reinjini yedhiziri.Sezvo simba rekuwedzera rinowedzera, simba reinjini yedhiziri rinowedzera zvakaenzana.Naizvozvo, kana turbocharger ichishanda zvisina kujairika kana kutadza, ichava nekukanganisa kukuru pakuita kweinjini yedhiziri.Maererano nekuferefeta, zvakaonekwa kuti kutadza kweturbocharger kuri pakati pekutadza kweinjini yedhiziri mumakore achangopfuura Inoverengera chikamu chikuru.Pane kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma.Pakati pazvo, kudonha kwepressure, kuvhiya, uye kubuda kweoiri ndizvo zvakajairika, uye zvakare zvinokuvadza zvakanyanya.Ichi chinyorwa chinotarisa pamusimboti wekushanda weinjini yedhiziri, kushandiswa kweiyo supercharger yekugadzirisa, uye kutonga kwekutadza, uyezve inoongorora zvikonzero zvepfungwa zvekutadza kweiyo supercharger mukudzika, uye inopa zvimwe zvikonzero zvakakonzerwa mumamiriro chaiwo. uye nzira dzinoenderana dzekugadzirisa matambudziko.
Keywords:dizeli injini;turbocharger;compressor
Kutanga, A supercharger inoshanda
Supercharger inoshandisa exhaust simba rejinjini haina kunaka, kutenderera kweturbine kutyaira compressor impeller inotenderera nekumhanya kwazvo coaxial uye inokwidziridzwa nedhidhivha inodzivirira iyo compressor imba uye compressor mweya kune injini Iyo silinda inowedzera kubhadharisa silinda kusvika. kuwedzera simba reinjini.
Chechipiri, kushandiswa uye kuchengetedza turbocharger
Supercharger inoshanda nekumhanya kwakanyanya, tembiricha yepamusoro, turbine inlet tembiricha inogona kusvika 650 ℃, kutarisisa kwakanyanya kunofanirwa kushandiswa kuita basa rekugadzirisa.
1. Kune ichangobva kushandiswa kana kugadziriswa turbocharger, shandisa maoko kuti ushandure rotor isati yaiswa kuti utarise kutenderera kwe rotor.Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, rotor inofanira kutenderera nekukurumidza uye nyore, pasina jamming kana ruzha rusina kujairika.Tarisa pombi yekupinza yecompressor uye kana paine marara mupombi yekupopota yeinjini.Kana pane marara, inofanira kunyatsocheneswa.Tarisa kuti mafuta ekuzora asvibiswa here kana kuti aora uye anofanira kutsiviwa nemafuta matsva ekuzora.Paunenge uchitsiva mafuta matsva ekuzora, tarisa sefa yemafuta ekuzora, chenesa kana kutsiva chinhu chitsva chesefa.Mushure mekutsiva kana kuchenesa sefa chinhu, sefa inofanira kuzadzwa nemafuta ekuzora akachena.Tarisa iyo inopinza mafuta uye dzorera mapaipi e turbocharger.Hakufanirwe kuve nekukanganisa, kubata kumeso, kana kuvhara.
2. Iyo supercharger inofanirwa kuiswa nenzira kwayo, uye kuwirirana pakati peinopinza uye exhaust pombi uye supercharger bracket inofanira kuvharwa zvakasimba.Nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekupisa kana pombi yekupedza inoshanda, majoini akajairwa anobatanidzwa nemabhero.
3. Injini yemafuta yekuzora inopihwa ye supercharger, teerera kubatanidza pombi yekuzora kuti nzira yeoiri yekuzora isavharwe.Kumanikidzwa kwemafuta kunochengetwa pa200-400 kPa panguva yekushanda kwakajairika.Kana injini iri kunonoka, kudzvanywa kwemafuta kweiyo turbocharger hakufanirwe kunge kwakaderera kupfuura 80 kPa.
4. Dzvanya pombi yekutonhodza kuti mvura inotonhodza igare yakachena uye isina kuvharika.
5. Batanidza sefa yemhepo uye uichengetedze yakachena.Iyo isina kuvharwa yekudyara inodonha inodonha haifanire kudarika 500 mm mercury column, nekuti yakawandisa kudonha kudonha kunokonzeresa kubuda kwemafuta muturbocharger.
6. Maererano nepombi yekutsvaira, kunze kwepombi yepombi uye muffler, chimiro chakajairika chinofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa.
7. Turbine inlet exhaust gasi haifaniri kudarika 650 degrees Celsius.Kana tembiricha yegesi yekubuda ikawanikwa yakakwira zvakanyanya uye volute ichiita yakatsvuka, mira nekukurumidza kuti uwane chikonzero.
8. Mushure mokunge injini yatangwa, teerera kumanikidziro pane inlet ye turbocharger.Panofanira kunge paine kudzvanywa kwekuratidzira mukati memasekonzi matatu, zvikasadaro turbocharger ichapisa nekuda kwekushaikwa kwekuzora.Mushure mekunge injini yatangwa, inofanirwa kumhanyiswa isina mutoro kuchengetedza mafuta ekuzora uye tembiricha.Inogona kushandiswa nemutoro chete mushure mekunge yakajairika.Kana tembiricha yadzikira, nguva yekubata inofanirwa kuwedzerwa zvakakodzera.
9. Tarisa uye bvisa ruzha rusina kujairika uye kutenheka kweiyo supercharger chero nguva.Tarisa kudzvanywa uye tembiricha yemafuta ekuzora e turbocharger chero nguva.The turbine inlet tembiricha haifaniri kudarika zvinodiwa zvakatemwa.Kana paine abnormality yawanikwa, muchina unofanirwa kuvharwa kuti uone chikonzero uye kubvisa.
10. Kana injini iri kumhanya zvakanyanya uye yakazara mutoro, inorambidzwa zvachose kuimisa pakarepo kunze kwekunge pane emergency.Iyo inomhanya inofanira kuderedzwa zvishoma nezvishoma kubvisa mutoro.Zvadaro mira pasina mutoro kwemaminitsi mashanu kudzivirira kukanganisa kune turbocharger nekuda kwekupisa uye kushaya mafuta.
11. Tarisa uone kana mapaipi ekupinza nekubuda kwecompressor asina kusimba.Kana paine kuputika uye kubuda kwemhepo, bvisa nenguva.Nekuti kana iyo compressor inlet pombi yakaputsika.Mhepo ichapinda mu compressor kubva pakuputika.Iyo tsvina inokonzeresa kukuvadzwa kwevhiri recompressor, uye pombi ye compressor outlet inoputika uye inodonha, izvo zvinokonzeresa kusakwana kwemhepo inopinda muhumburumbira hwejini, zvichikonzera kukanganisa kwekupisa.
12. Tarisa uone kana mapaipi emafuta ekupinza nekubuda nawo eturbocharger asina kusimba, uye bvisa chero kuvuza nenguva.
13. Tarisa mabhaudhi ekusimbisa uye nzungu dze turbocharger.Kana mabhaudhi akafamba, iyo turbocharger ichakuvadzwa nekuda kwekudengenyeka.Panguva imwecheteyo, kumhanya kwe turbocharger kuchaderera nekuda kwekudonha kwedziva regesi, zvichikonzera kusakwana kwemhepo.
Chechitatu, kuongororwa uye kugadzirisa nzira dzezvikanganiso zvakajairika zve turbocharger
1. Iyo turbocharger haina kuchinjika mukutenderera.
CHIRATIDZO.Kana tembiricha yeinjini yedhiziri yadzikira, pombi yepombi inoburitsa utsi huchena, uye kana tembiricha yeinjini yakwira, pombi yepombi inoburitsa utsi hutema, uye chikamu cheutsi chinopenya nekukukurwa chichitenderera, uye chikamu cheutsi chinonyura. kuburitswa kumusoro.
KUONGORORA.Kana injini yedhiziri yamiswa, teerera kune inertial kutenderera nguva ye supercharger rotor nechimuti chekutarisa, uye yakajairika rotor inogona kuramba ichitenderera yega kweinenge miniti imwe.Kuburikidza nekutarisa, zvakaonekwa kuti turbocharger yekumashure yakangovhura yega kwemasekonzi mashoma ndokuzomira.Mushure mekubvisa turbocharger yekumashure, zvakaonekwa kuti pakanga paine gobvu kabhoni deposit mu turbine uye volute.
ONGORORO.Kutenderera kusingachinjiki kwe turbocharger kunoguma nemutsara wemasilinda ane kuderedzwa kwemhepo kupinza uye yakaderera compression ratio.Kana tembiricha yejinjini yakadzikira, mafuta ari mucylinder haagone kudzima zvachose, uye chikamu chayo chinoburitswa semhute, uye kupisa hakuna kukwana kana tembiricha yejinjini ichiwedzera.Endasa utsi hutema, nekuti turbocharger imwe chete yakashata, kutorwa kwemhepo kwemasilinda maviri kuri pachena kwakasiyana, zvichikonzera mamiriro ezvinhu apo utsi hwemhepo hunopararira uye chikamu chakanyanya.Pane zvinhu zviviri zvekuumbwa kwecoke deposits: imwe ndeyekudonha kwemafuta eiyo turbocharger, Chechipiri ndiko kupisa kusina kukwana kwedhiziri mucylinder.
SUNGAMIRIRA.Kutanga bvisa madhipoziti ekabhoni, wozotsiva zvisimbiso zvemafuta eturbocharger.Panguva imwecheteyo, kutarisa kunofanira kubhadharwa kune kuchengetedza uye kugadziriswa kwejini injini, zvakadai sekugadzirisa kubviswa kwevhavha panguva, kuchenesa firiji yemhepo munguva, nekugadzirisa majekiseni kuderedza kuumbwa kwekabhoni deposits.
2. Mafuta eturbocharger, anopinza mafuta mumhepo
ZVIRATIDZO.Kana injini yedhiziri ichipisa zvakajairika, zvinogona kuoneka kuti pombi yekuburitsa inoburitsa yunifomu uye inoenderera utsi hwebhuruu.Muchiitiko chekupisa kusingawanzoitiki, zvakaoma kuona utsi hwebhuruu nekuda kwekupindira kweutsi chena kana utsi hutema.
KUONGORORA.Bvisa chivharo chekupedzisira chepombi yekupinda yejini yedizeli, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti pane zvishoma zvishoma zvemafuta mupombi yekupinda.Mushure mekubvisa supercharger, inowanikwa kuti chisimbiso chemafuta chakapfekwa.
ONGORORO.Iyo mhepo sefa yakavharwa zvakakomba, kudonha kwekudzvanya pane compressor inlet yakakura kwazvo, iyo elastic simba ye compressor end seal mafuta mhete idiki kana axial gap rakakura kwazvo, nzvimbo yekuisa haina kunaka, uye inorasikirwa nekusimba kwayo. , uye iyo compressor yekupedzisira yakavharwa.Mhepo yemhepo yakavharwa, uye mweya wakamanikidzwa haugone kupinda kumashure kweiyo compressor impeller.
SUNGAMIRIRA.Inowanikwa kuti turbocharger iri kubuda mafuta, chisimbiso chemafuta chinofanira kutsiviwa nenguva, uye sefa yemhepo inofanira kucheneswa nenguva kana zvichidikanwa, uye gomba remhepo rinofanira kucheneswa.
3. kuwedzera kudzvinyirira kunodonha
chikonzero chekusashanda zvakanaka
1. Mhepo yemhepo uye kupinza kwemhepo yakavharwa, uye kupikisa kwemhepo kunowedzera.
2. Iyo compressor inoyerera nzira yakasvibiswa, uye dhiziri yekupinda pombi iri kubuda.
3. Iyo pombi yekupedza yejini yedhiziri iri kubuda, uye turbine airway yakavharwa, iyo inowedzera kupera kwemashure kudzvinyirira uye inoderedza kushanda kweiyo turbine.
Bvisa
1. Chenesa sefa yemhepo
2. Chenesa compressor volute kubvisa kubuda kwemhepo.
3. Bvisa kubuda kwemhepo mupombi yekupedza uye kuchenesa ganda re turbine.
4. Iyo compressor inofamba.
Zvikonzero zvekukundikana
1. Mhepo inopinda mumhepo yakavharwa, iyo inoderedza kuvharwa kwemhepo kuyerera.
2. Iyo exhaust gas passage, kusanganisira mhete yemuromo weturbine casing, yakavharwa.
3. Injini yedhiziri inoshanda pasi pemamiriro asina kujairika, akadai sekuchinja kwemutoro wakawandisa, kudzima kwechimbichimbi.
Rega
1. Chenesa mhepo inodonha yekuchenesa, intercooler, pombi yekupinda uye zvimwe zvikamu zvine hukama.
2. Chenesa zvikamu zveturbine.
3. Kudzivirira mamiriro ekushanda asina kujairika panguva yekushandiswa, uye kushanda maererano nemaitiro ekushanda.
4. Iyo turbocharger ine yakaderera kumhanya.
Zvikonzero zvekukundikana
1. Nekuda kwekudonha kwemafuta kwakakomba, mafuta glue kana kabhoni deposits inounganidza uye inotadzisa kutenderera kweiyo turbine rotor.
2. Chiitiko chemagnetic rubbing kana kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nemhepo inotenderera inonyanya kukonzerwa nekupfeka kwakasimba kwekutakura kana kushanda pasi pepamusoro-kukurumidza uye kupisa-kupisa, izvo zvinoita kuti rotor irege kukanganisa uye kukuvara.
3. Kutambura nekuneta nekuda kwezvikonzero zvinotevera:
A. Kusakwana kwemafuta inlet pressure uye kushambidzika kwemafuta;
B. Tembiricha yemafuta einjini yakanyanya;
C. Mafuta einjini haana kuchena;
D. Rotor dynamic balance yaparadzwa;
E. Assembly clearance haina kusangana nezvinodiwa Zvinodiwa;
F. Kusashandisa uye kushanda zvisina kunaka.
Remedy
1. Ita kuchenesa.
2. Ita disassembly uye kuongorora, uye shandura rotor kana zvichidiwa.
3. Ziva chikonzero, bvisa njodzi dzakavanzika, uye tsiva neruoko rutsva runoyangarara.
4. Supercharger inoita ruzha rusina kujairika.
chikonzero chedambudziko
1. Kusiyana pakati pe rotor impeller uye casing iduku zvikuru, zvichiita kuti magnetic rubbing.
2. Sleeve inoyangarara kana kuti thrust plate yakapfekwa zvakanyanya, uye rotor ine yakawandisa kufamba, izvo zvinokonzeresa kupuruzira magineti pakati pe impeller uye casing.
3. Iyo impeller yakaremara kana shaft journal inopfekwa zvisingaite, zvichiita kuti rotor balance ikuvadzwe.
4. Yakanyanya kabhoni deposits muturbine, kana zvinhu zvekunze zvinowira muturbocharger.
5. Iyo compressor surge inogonawo kuburitsa ruzha rusina kujairika.
Kubvisa nzira
1. Tarisa mvumo yakakodzera, bvisa uye ongorora kana zvichidikanwa.
2. Tarisa kuwanda kwekushambira kwe rotor, disassemble uye kuongorora kana zvichidiwa, uye ongororazve kutakura kubvumirwa.
3. Disassemble uye tarisa rotor dynamic balance.
4. Ita disassembly, kuongorora uye kuchenesa.
5. Bvisa chiitiko chekuvhiya.
Nguva yekutumira: 19-04-21